FOLLOW STRUCTURE & STYLE GUIDELINES FOR ESSAYS


The STRUCTURE of an essay is as important as the paper FORMAT and source CITATIONS.

Be sure to follow the DRAFTING content for proper STRUCTURE & STYLE.

Be sure to use the 3-part-layout in all of your writing. See THIS LINK for help with the 3-part-layout in DBs, essays, and paragraphs.


Formatting Basics

Types of Formatting

There are three main formatting styles used in the American higher-education institutions today: MLA, APA, and Turabian.


Make sure you know which style your professor requires before completing your research.

AMA




APA


§  Writing Center Guide for APA formatting


MLA


§  Writing Center Guide for MLA formatting


Turabian


§  Writing Center Guide for Turabian formatting




Each formatting style has separate guidelines, but the standards for FONT SIZE and STYLE are universal.

No matter the formatting style assigned for your writing, you will need to learn how to indent and tab content in your writing to meet the general format of paragraph indentation, block quote indenting, and the references page hanging indent.  

Access this site for more help on these formats and how to arrange them while using Microsoft Office Word.







§  Fonts: Your essay should be word processed in 12-point Times New Roman fonts.

§  Double space: Your entire essay should be double spaced, with no single spacing anywhere and no extra spacing anywhere. There should not be extra spaces between paragraphs.

§  (FOR MLA FORMATTED PAPERS) Heading: In the upper left corner of the first page of your essay, you should type your name, the instructor's name, your class, and the date, as follows:

Your Name

Mr. Rambo

ENGL 101-C08

24 February 2017

§  Margins: Your essay should have a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, left, and right.

§  Title Page: ALL essay should include a title page prior to the first page of the essay—even if it is a MLA formatted paper.  

§  To create a title page with the correct content and spacing, see the sample title page links below.

§  There are three primary styles for citing sources of research and formatting your overall layout for an essay. Make sure you know which style your professor requires before completing your research.

AMA




APA


§  Writing Center Guide for APA formatting


MLA


§  Writing Center Guide for MLA formatting


Turabian


§  Writing Center Guide for Turabian formatting


§  ALL Liberty title pages require the declared degree (or diploma if the student is in high school) as well as the required formatting style assigned to that degree or diploma (high school students will use MLA unless they have an idea as to what area of study they will go into once fully enrolled in college).

§  The title page should be in the same font size and style (Times, 12) as the rest of your essay, with no quotation marks, no underlining, no italics, and no bold on the page.

§  (FOR MLA FORMATTED PAPERS) Page Numbers: Your last name and the page number should appear in the upper right corner of each page of your essay, including the first page, as in Smith 3. Insert your name and the page number as a "header." Do not type this information where the text of your essay should be.

§  (FOR APA and TURABIAN FORMATTED PAPERS) Page Numbers: See the video links below for formatting your papers.


APA Formatting






Turabian Formatting





·        Title: Your essay should always include a unique title that directly links to the last sentence of the conclusion paragraph of the essay.  


§  Layout and location on first page:

§  The title should be centered and should appear under the heading information on the first page and above the first line of your essay (in MLA formatted papers).

§  The title should be centered and should appear above the first line of your essay (in APA and Turabian formatted papers).

§  The title should be in the same fonts as the rest of your essay, with no quotation marks, no underlining, no italics, and no bold.

§  There are three primary styles for citing sources of research and formatting your overall layout for an essay. Make sure you know which style your professor requires before completing your research.

AMA




APA


§  Writing Center Guide for APA formatting


MLA


§  Writing Center Guide for MLA formatting


Turabian


§  Writing Center Guide for Turabian formatting


§  Indentation: The first line of each paragraph should be indented. According to the MLA, this indentation should be 1/2 inch or five spaces, but pressing [Tab] once should give you the correct indentation.

§  Align Left: The text of your essay should be lined up evenly at the left margin but not at the right margin. In your word processor, choose "Align Left." Do not choose "Justify."






Formatting and Structure for Assignments
Before you can format your work correctly, there are some key points you must know first:


  1. What formatting style does your instructor expect you to use: MLA, APA, Turabian?
  2. Do you need a Title page?
  3. What ‘voice’ should it be written in: 1st, 2nd, or 3rd?
    • Academic writing = 3rd person voice; however, check with the writing prompt and your instructor to be sure.
  4. What is the structure for your final version?
    • In my academic writing courses, you will follow the DRAFTING handout for your structure.
  5. Do you need an Abstract (APA formatting)?
  6. Do you need to collect sources?
    • How many sources and source-types do you need?
  7. Will you need to construct a page of sources formatted?
    • Works Cited page?
    • Bibliography page?
    • References page?
  8. Does your instructor require your pre-writing outline re-submission at the end of the final version of the essay?



Once you know these things—which you can probably locate in the writing prompt—you will need to understand what is expected for the specific assignment.
  1. Are you writing an essay? (ENC1101, ENC1102, and ENC100)
    • Is there a word count requirement?
    • Will it be in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person voice?
    • What kind of essay? (Each type follows a different format.)
      • Expository
        • Process
        • Classification
        • Report
      •  Narrative
        • Personal Experience
        • Descriptive
      • Argument
        • Cause and Effect
        • Persuasion
        •  Analysis
  1.  Are you writing a paragraph? (ENC100)
    • Does it need to follow a specific format and structure?
    • Is there a word count requirement?
  2. Are you writing a Reflection or Discussion Board Response? (ENC1101, ENC1102, ENC1210, and ENC100)
    • Will it be in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person voice?
    • How many paragraphs will it need?
    • What format and structure should it follow?
    • Is there a word count requirement?
  3. Are you writing a Technical Document? (ENC1210)
    • Is there a word count requirement?
      • Letter
      • Email
      • Report
      • Memo
      • Resume
      • Writing Portfolio, etc.
  4.  Are you writing a Creative Writing item? (ENC2100)
    • What genre?
      • Fiction
      • Poetry
    • What theme?
Each of these concepts is essential to creating the assignment your instructor is looking for in your submission.  Keep in mind that the point of an assignment is to see what you know or what you have learned.  Therefore, be sure to use information from your textbook—whenever possible—to provide the most content your instructor will be looking for.  After all, you were assigned readings for a purpose—content comprehension—and your assignment is simply the way your instructor will be able to determine if you have learned the necessary materials for that given section of the class.



Review these Links for Help with the Assignment
Knowing Your Assignment
                                     


Page Organization



Source Usage



Formatting



Images in Writing



Format Before Publishing



Additional Help

Need Help with formatting and don't see it listed in the links above?  Take a look at these items to see if they have what you need:

MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD 
EASYBIB
CITATION MACHINE
USING SOURCES


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