Essay Writing: Structure Guidelines

For Students Wishing to Improve Their Academic Writing...Especially ENGL101 Students!

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Essay Writing (Style)
Essay Writing (Structure)
Essay Writing (Content)
Internal Source Usage

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FOLLOW STRUCTURE & STYLE GUIDELINES FOR ESSAYS

Structure in an Academic Writing

The STRUCTURE of an essay is as important as the paper FORMAT and source CITATIONS.

Be sure to follow the DRAFTING content for proper STRUCTURE & STYLE.

Be sure to use the 3-part-layout in all of your writing. See THIS LINK for help with the 3-part-layout in DBs, essays, and paragraphs.

Know HOW your instructor will be assessing your writing.

Don't Procrastinate!

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Argument

Understanding an Argument Essay
Academic Writing Basics
Structure of Argument
Argument Construction

Structured Parts of an OUTLINE

Empty Outline Sample
Outline Guidance
Introduction Structure / Outline
Body-Paragraph Structure / Outline
Conclusion Structure / Outline

Structured INTRODUCTION

Everything You Need to Know about Introductions
Introduction Tutorial
Sentence Starters for Argument Essays
Introductions (Drafting Your Essay)

Structured BODY-PARAGRAPHS (Arguments)

Body-paragraph Tutorial: 3-minute Video
Argument in Body Paragraphs
Hamburger Method--Drafting Your Essay
Argument Body Paragraph Structure
Paragraph Structure Analysis
Persuasive Arguments in Essays—Basics to Follow
Crafting a Logical Argument Using Ethos, Pathos, a...
Signs of Trouble--Letting Sources Lead Instead of Follow Your Writing
Writing Paragraphs in an Argument
Toulmin Model for Argument Construction

Structured BODY-PARAGRAPHS (Counter-Argument)

Counter-Argument: The Turn Against and Back
Counterargument in Pre-Writing and Revising
COUNTER-ARGUMENT Body-Paragraphs
The Source Sandwich
Signs of Trouble--Letting Sources Lead Instead of Follow Your Writing

Structured CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion Tutorial: 3-minute Video
Concluding Your Paper
Three Parts to a Conclusion
Conclusions to Avoid
Conclusion No-Nos
Questions in a Conclusion
Conclusions (Drafting Your Essay)

CREATE AN ORIGINAL TITLE: it does matter

Creating a Correct Title for Your Writing
Creating a Great Essay Title

Structured CHECKLISTS

What is an Essay?
3-Part-Layout
Cause/Effect Outline Checklist

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This Section is Liberty-Specific for Online LU Courses

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Liberty Student Essays

Liberty-Specific Title Pages
Sample Essay--Is it an Argument? Is it an Ethical Argument?
Liberty-Specific Cause/Effect Essays
Understanding Introductions
Argument Construction

See the Sections Below for More Growth and Development of Your Writing

See the 3-parts of an Essay: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion Paragraphs (ABOVE)

INTRODUCTIONS

BASICS of an INTRODUCTION

Everything You Need to Know about Introductions
Audience
Sources in Introductions
Questions in an Introduction
Forecasts in an Introduction

Introduction Step 1: "Hook"

"Hooks" for the INTRODUCTION
Questions in an Introduction
Sources in Introductions
Quote Resources for "Hooks"
Try One of These STARTERS...

Introduction Step 2: Background

Basics of an Introduction
Providing Background in Introduction
Sources in the Background Section??

Introduction Step 3: Thesis Statement

What is a Thesis??
How to Write a Good Thesis Statement
Thesis Structure / Argument Support Development
Strong Thesis Statements
Thesis Presentation and Lessons
Thesis Statement Exercise

USAGE

Source usage is essential to quality writing, making the difference between an unsupported, under-developed essay and a highly-persuasive essay easy to spot. You must incorporate sources into your Body Paragraphs to assert your ideas, defend your argument, and develop your support. You will prove your thesis in your Body Paragraphs through source usage (not in the introduction or conclusion). See the content on Source Usage below.

Source Usage

Signs of Trouble
Use Sources Correctly
Be a Web Detective
Gathering and Using Evidence
Image Usage
Figures and Charts
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
Using Quotes to Open or Close
Reliable & Credible
Choosing Sources
Fake News and Distinguishing Truths
Evaluating Sources for Credibility
Scholarly vs Popular Articles (Videos)
Drafting Your Essay: Credible and Reliable Sources...

"Body" of Evidence

Understanding the BODY of an Essay
Argument Using Sources
Evaluate Your Sources
Ethics vs Morals
Gathering and Using Evidence
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
Summary
Paraphrase
Quoting Rules
Quoting Material
Quotes to Open or Close
Errors in Reasoning
Fallacies
Citation Generator--EasyBib
Citation Generator--Citation Machine

Basic Help

· English Grammar

· Glossary of Key Terms

· Using Words Correctly

· Writing Tips & Advice

· Sentence Structures

· Rhetoric & Style

· Punctuation & Mechanics

· Developing Effective Paragraphs

· Developing Effective Essays

EVALUATING ARGUMENTS

Whether you are evaluating a verbal or written argument, the evaluation process is the same. You will look for logical support, reliable sources to defend the argument, and possible manipulation through fallacies or inductive reasoning.

Rhetorical Situations

Argument Writing
3 Ways to Persuade
Crafting a Logical Argument Using Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Worksheet
Toulmin Model for Argument Construction
Effective Arguments
Evaluating an Argument
Evaluating Arguments
How to Evaluate an Argument

WRITING ELEMENTS

While there are many elements of Academic Writing, it is essential that you accurately be able to evaluate another person's writing for order, format, and logic. Furthermore, you must be able to follow the writing styles yourself. See the content below to help you with writing guidelines.

Elements of Essays

Academic Writing
Types of Writing
Essay Structure
Source USAGE
Elements of Style
Questions…What are they Good for (in Writing)?
Formatting Basics

Source Topics

Freshman Composition teaches students the Elements of Argument. Argument is present in our lives every day, and even though the topics change over time, the structure, style, and organization of academic argument writing do not. See the links below for additional help and sources options. The source items listed in this section are not necessarily reliable or credible; however, they are intended to stimulate conversation, argument ideas, and provide a springboard to stimulate your argument on the topic. As you review the source links, keep in mind the aspects for evaluating a verbal or written argument to know how logical the arguments being presented are in the source. Look for logical support, reliable sources to defend the argument, and possible manipulation through fallacies or inductive reasoning to gather ideas for your argument, your rebuttal of counter-arguments, and your evaluation of the overall topic.

Topics for Discussion

Genetic Engineering

HELPFUL LINKS

Use the links below to find additional assistance where you may need it.

Purdue OWL Help

Helper Links: Writing Tasks
Thesis Tips (OWL)
Outline
Effective Outlines
How to Outline
Types of Outlines
Reverse Outlining
Begin Proofreading
Finding Common Errors
Proofreading Suggestions
Revising for Cohesion
Steps for Revising

Double Check These Items

Signs of Trouble
Write a Great Title
Word Count Requirements
Organization
Basics for Paragraphs: The Hamburger Method
Directions for How to Cite in an Essay
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
Audience
Contractions
Questions…What are they Good for (in Writing)?
1st, 2nd, 3rd Voice
Word Choice
Passive Voice
Clichés
Focus
Font Usage

BODY-PARAGRAPHS

BASICS of BODY-PARAGRAPHS

Understanding the BODY of an Essay
COUNTER-ARGUMENT Body-Paragraphs
Sentence Starters for Body-Paragraphs
Body-paragraphs Will Never Have Questions
Body Paragraphs--Locating Academic Sources
Body Paragraphs--Drafting Your Essay
Double Check THESE Items

Body-Paragraphs Step 1: Topic Sentence

Paragraph Structure = One Focused Topic "Nugget"
Body Paragraphs (Drafting the Essay)
Body Paragraph Content

Body-Paragraphs Step 2a: Topic Development

Critical Reading and Writing
Locating Research (Body Paragraphs)
General Support Structure (Body Paragraphs)
The Source Sandwich
Signs of Trouble--Letting Sources Lead Instead of Follow Your Writing
Errors in Reasoning

Body-Paragraphs Step 2b: Integrating Sources

Body-Paragraphs Step 2b: Integrating Sources
Constructing Logical Arguments in Body-Paragraphs
Fake News and Distinguishing Truths
Scholarly vs Popular Articles (Videos)
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide

Body-Paragraph Step 2c: Counter-Argument

Counterargument in Pre-Writing and Revising
Counter-Argument: The Turn Against and Back
COUNTER-ARGUMENT Body-Paragraphs
Persuasion--Tip Sheet
Persuasive Arguments in Essays—Basics to Follow
Sentence Starters for Argument Essays

Body-Paragraphs Step 3: Closing

Understanding the BODY of an Essay

CITATIONS

Citing sources properly is essential to avoiding plagiarism. No matter if plagiarism is intentional or unintentional, all un-cited source usage counts as plagiarism and will negatively impact your standing with the instructor, your assignment grade, and possibly result in expulsion from the class. Learn about citations so that you do not plagiarize. See the Source Citation content below.

Source Citation

Signs of Trouble
Give Credit
General Guidelines
Handouts and Style Guides
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
Directions for How to Cite in an Essay
Figures and Charts
Image Usage

Citation Rules

Citing Overview
References
Modern Language Association (MLA)
American Psychological Association (APA)
Turabian Formatting (Liberty)
The Chicago Manual of Style
Directions for How to Cite in an Essay
How to Paraphrase a Source
What is Plagiarism
Plagiarism Facts & Stats
Preventing Plagiarism When Writing

Images in Writing

Image Usage
Figures and Charts

WRITING STYLE

While there are many types of Academic Writing, it is essential that you accurately follow basic stylistic guidelines based on the class notes, module readings, textbook, and instructor preferences. You must be able to follow the writing style for your assignment, transitional factors, third person voice, and clearly developed support for your thesis in your body paragraphs. See the content below to help you with writing guidelines.

Academic Style

Academic Writing Styles
Outline Structure Requirements
Essay Writing
Argument Writing
Why You NEED an Argument
Research Paper
Thesis-Support Essay
ETHICAL Arguments
Cause and Effect
Synthesis Paper
Summary -- Reaction Paper
Literature Review
Book Review
Informal Essay
Journaling
Inductive Flow of an Essay
Deductive Flow of an Essay
Structure with Proper STYLE

Research Writing

Stages and Suggestions for Research Writing
Critical Reading and Writing
Research Writing
Thesis-Support Essay
Research Paper
Thesis Structure / Argument Support Development
Figures and Charts
Sentence Starters for Argument Essays

Sentence-level, Paragraph-level, and Essay-level ORDER

There is a logical arrangement for the order of a sentence, paragraph, and essay. Be sure to carefully review the organizational structure required at all three levels of Standard English: sentence, paragraph, essay.

Body Paragraphs

Body Paragraphs--Drafting Your Essay
Forming an Argument
Counter-Arguments
Body Paragraph Content
Transitions

Page Organization

Title Page
Abstract
Essay
References
Outline

Titles: Creative & Captivating

Creating a Correct Title for Your Writing
Titles--Overview
How Important is a Title?
Useful Titles
Linking the Conclusion to the Title
Title No-Nos

Structure

Structure
Essay Structure
Paragraph Structure = One Focused Topic "Nugget"
Sentence Structure

Academic Writing

Academic Writing
Critical Reading and Writing
Research Writing
You Need an Argument
Requirements
Types
Cause and Effect
Steps
Samples
Videos
Articles
Summary. Analysis, Response Writing Style

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Video Lessons

Getting Started with Internet Sources through WORD...

BASICS of a CONCLUSION

Conclusion Paragraph ORDER
Three Parts to a Conclusion
Sentence Starters for Conclusions
Synthesize Your Writing
Conclusion No-Nos
Conclusions—Only One Place for Questions
Wrapping Up the Essay

Conclusion Part 1: Re-word Thesis

Concluding Your Paper
Conclusions to Avoid

Conclusion Part 2: Synthesize the Argument

Conclusions (Drafting Your Essay)
Synthesize the Argument
Questions in a Conclusion

Conclusion Part 3: Culminating Sentence

Different Types of Closure Sentences
Questions in a Conclusion
Linking the Conclusion to the Title
Quotes for Culminating Sentence

DOCUMENTATION

Proper documentation formatting is very important to both your internal writing and source citing. In this section, you will learn about formatting your internal content (the essay) in proper page format and visual structure. You will also see visual samples of how to format sources within the essay as well as in the Works Cited page.

Formatting

Guide Links
Formatting Basics
MLA
APA
Turabian General Formatting
FONT Usage

Formatting Sources

Sample
General-Guidelines
Full Sources
MLA 8th Edition
Fair Use
Works Consulted
Sources in Introductions
Directions for How to Cite in an Essay
Formatting Basics
Use Sources Correctly
Choosing Sources
Fake News and Distinguishing Truths
Evaluating Sources for Credibility
Scholarly vs Popular Articles (Videos)
Drafting Your Essay: Credible and Reliable Sources...
Signs of Trouble--Letting Sources Lead Instead of Follow Your Writing
Source USAGE
Getting Started with Internet Sources through WORD...
The Source Sandwich
Help for Liberty Students
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR IN TEXT CITATION
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
PUNCTUATING IN TEXT CITATIONS
Online Writing Center
Writing, Format, & Citation Style
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
Quoting Rules
Writing Worksheets
Give Credit
Handouts and Style Guides
Summary
Figures and Charts
Videos
Samples
Articles
Requirements
Image Usage
Font Usage

MLA Documentation and Formatting Pages

What is MLA Format?
MLA
MLA Documents
MLA Visual Examples
MLA Tutorial
MLA Essay Template
Title Page
Online Writing Center
Writing, Format, & Citation Style
Handouts and Style Guides
MLA Works Cited SAMPLE
MLA Formatting and Style Guide (External Site)
SAMPLE Works Cited Page (OWL)
SAMPLE MLA Paper (OWL)
SAMPLE Tables, Figures, and Examples (OWL)
MLA PowerPoint Presentation (OWL)
MLA Style Introduction (OWL)

APA Documentation and Formatting Pages

Learn APA Formatting and Documentation Style
Abstract
Abstract -- Sample
APA
Online Writing Center
Writing, Format, & Citation Style
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
Abstract Examples and Lessons
Formatting Basics
Help for Liberty Students
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR IN TEXT CITATION
PUNCTUATING IN TEXT CITATIONS
Handouts and Style Guides
Font Usage

Turabian Documentation and Formatting Pages

Turabian General Formatting
Help for Liberty Students
Online Writing Center
Writing, Format, & Citation Style
Use Sources Correctly to Avoid Plagiarism
Font Usage
Formatting Basics
In Text (Parenthetical) Citations Quick Guide
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR IN TEXT CITATION
PUNCTUATING IN TEXT CITATIONS

COMPUTER TUTORIALS

If you have ever struggled with setting up a HEADER, FOOTER, HANGING INDENT, DOUBLE SPACING, and all of the other necessary visual formatting required when writing, please visit the links below to assist you with these visual concepts through the tutorials available.

Computer Tutorials

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How Do I Set Up HEADERS in MO Word??
Computer Usage, Page 1 (Standards & Fears)
Computer Usage, Table of Contents (2)
Computer Usage, Format Word (3)
Computer Usage, Tutorial Topics (4)
Computer Usage, Technology Basics (5)
Computer Usage, Microsoft Office (6)
Computer Usage, Online World (7)
Computer Usage, Essential Skills (8)
Computer Usage, Work and Career (9)
Microsoft Office WORD: 2013

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About the Instructor

About the Instructor

I am a daughter of the King, wife, mother, home-school parent, and academic instructor in the field of Language Arts.

While I hold a Master of Education (M.Ed.) in Education minoring in English from the University of North Florida and a Bachelor of Arts in English with an emphasis in creative writing from the University of California, Davis, I am continually learning more about the English language as I search for better techniques and study lessons to pass on to my students.

I have been teaching online and in the classroom since 1999, educating students from pre-K through college-level courses.

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Disclaimer

While this website exists as a resource for my students, it never supersedes written instructions or verbal directions given in any assigned class, in the Blackboard or Canvas LMS, or directly from your professor.

While my students are directed to this site from my courses online, this website is not an official website of Liberty University Online.

All contents expressed from and on this website have not been approved by Liberty, and therefore, the University may not be held responsible for the contents of this website.

If you have questions about content or suggestions for improvement, please contact me at JDick13@liberty.edu. While I will try to respond to you in a timely manner, a preset rate of response is not guaranteed.

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